Top image: Part of the impressive mosaic after its exposure.

A vibrant and intricately detailed mosaic dating back over 1,600 years has been revealed to the public for the first time in Israel's western Negev. Hailed as one of the most impressive mosaic discoveries ever made in southern Israel, the Be'er Shema (Birsama) Mosaic now stands proudly displayed in the Merhavim Regional Council headquarters following extensive conservation work.

The mosaic, which was originally unearthed in 1990 near Kibbutz Urim, close to the Gaza Strip, contains a stunning array of 55 medallions portraying hunting scenes, mythological figures, fruit baskets, and exotic animals. It offers a rare glimpse into the lives and beliefs of the Byzantine-era inhabitants of the region, announced the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) last week.

From Forgotten Treasure to Public Display

For decades, this masterpiece remained buried beneath protective soil to prevent degradation. Recently, under the auspices of the IAA and the Ministry of Heritage, the mosaic was painstakingly conserved and relocated as part of the "Antiquities Right at Home" initiative, designed to bring ancient heritage directly into communities across Israel.

"This is a unique mosaic from the Byzantine period," said Shaike Lender, who co-led the original excavation. "The level of artistic detail-created from thousands of colored tesserae, pottery, and glass-is simply extraordinary".

Conservation efforts were led by Ami Shahar, Head of the IAA's Conservation Department. He noted that "years of exposure had taken a toll on the mosaic's integrity, prompting urgent intervention. Now, housed within an enclosed space, it can finally be appreciated in its full splendor".

The full mosaic following conservation work.

A Window into a Byzantine Monastery

The mosaic was part of a large Byzantine monastery complex that sustained itself through winemaking. Excavations uncovered a massive winepress, warehouses, and ceramic storage jars, indicating a flourishing local economy. The site also sat strategically along the Nabataean-Roman spice route, linking Halutza to the port of Gaza, an ancient trade artery teeming with travelers and merchants.

"This settlement likely served as a haven for travelers on the edge of the desert, providing safety and sustenance," explained the IAA. "Its placement suggests it may have been a frontier outpost against potential raids".

An impressive part of the intricate mosaic after its exposure.

A Cultural Beacon in the Negev

The mosaic was unveiled on May 25, 2025, in a public ceremony attended by Minister of Heritage Amichai Eliyahu, IAA Director Eli Escusido, and Merhavim Council Head Shai Hajaj, along with local students and residents.

"This magnificent mosaic is a living testimony to life in the Negev 1,600 years ago," said Hajaj. "It connects our past to our present and future. We envision it becoming a focal point for education and tourism" (Merhavim Regional Council, 2025).

Escusido emphasized the cultural importance of the project:

"Especially in this region bordering Gaza, making history accessible enhances community identity and brings visitors to areas often overlooked".

The site is now open to the public, complete with explanatory signage, seating areas, and an archaeological garden, and promises to become a key cultural and educational attraction in southern Israel.